# Apache configuration file # httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/quickreference.html # Note .htaccess files are an overhead, this logic should be in your Apache # config if possible: httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/howto/htaccess.html # Techniques in here adapted from all over, including: # Kroc Camen: camendesign.com/.htaccess # perishablepress.com/press/2006/01/10/stupid-htaccess-tricks/ # Sample .htaccess file of CMS MODx: modxcms.com # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Better website experience for IE users # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Force the latest IE version, in various cases when it may fall back to IE7 mode # github.com/rails/rails/commit/123eb25#commitcomment-118920 # Use ChromeFrame if it's installed for a better experience for the poor IE folk Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1" # mod_headers can't match by content-type, but we don't want to send this header on *everything*... Header unset X-UA-Compatible # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Cross-domain AJAX requests # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Serve cross-domain Ajax requests, disabled by default. # enable-cors.org # code.google.com/p/html5security/wiki/CrossOriginRequestSecurity # # Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" # # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # CORS-enabled images (@crossorigin) # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Send CORS headers if browsers request them; enabled by default for images. # developer.mozilla.org/en/CORS_Enabled_Image # blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html # hacks.mozilla.org/2011/11/using-cors-to-load-webgl-textures-from-cross-domain-images/ # wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Reviews/crossoriginAttribute # mod_headers, y u no match by Content-Type?! SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Webfont access # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Allow access from all domains for webfonts. # Alternatively you could only whitelist your # subdomains like "subdomain.example.com". Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Proper MIME type for all files # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # JavaScript # Normalize to standard type (it's sniffed in IE anyways) # tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329#section-7.2 AddType application/javascript js jsonp AddType application/json json # Audio AddType audio/ogg oga ogg AddType audio/mp4 m4a f4a f4b # Video AddType video/ogg ogv AddType video/mp4 mp4 m4v f4v f4p AddType video/webm webm AddType video/x-flv flv # SVG # Required for svg webfonts on iPad # twitter.com/FontSquirrel/status/14855840545 AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz AddEncoding gzip svgz # Webfonts AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot AddType application/x-font-ttf ttf ttc AddType font/opentype otf AddType application/x-font-woff woff # Assorted types AddType image/x-icon ico AddType image/webp webp AddType text/cache-manifest appcache manifest AddType text/x-component htc AddType application/xml rss atom xml rdf AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx AddType application/x-opera-extension oex AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi AddType application/octet-stream safariextz AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp AddType text/x-vcard vcf AddType application/x-shockwave-flash swf AddType text/vtt vtt # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Allow concatenation from within specific js and css files # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # e.g. Inside of script.combined.js you could have # # # and they would be included into this single file. # This is not in use in the boilerplate as it stands. You may # choose to use this technique if you do not have a build process. # # Options +Includes # AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript application/json # SetOutputFilter INCLUDES # # # Options +Includes # AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css # SetOutputFilter INCLUDES # # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Gzip compression # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Force deflate for mangled headers developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping/ SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding # Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom+xml \ application/javascript \ application/json \ application/rss+xml \ application/vnd.ms-fontobject \ application/x-font-ttf \ application/xhtml+xml \ application/xml \ font/opentype \ image/svg+xml \ image/x-icon \ text/css \ text/html \ text/plain \ text/x-component \ text/xml # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Expires headers (for better cache control) # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # These are pretty far-future expires headers. # They assume you control versioning with filename-based cache busting # Additionally, consider that outdated proxies may miscache # www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/ # If you don't use filenames to version, lower the CSS and JS to something like # "access plus 1 week". ExpiresActive on # Perhaps better to whitelist expires rules? Perhaps. ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 month" # cache.appcache needs re-requests in FF 3.6 (thanks Remy ~Introducing HTML5) ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds" # Your document html ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds" # Data ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds" ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds" ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds" # Feed ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour" ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour" # Favicon (cannot be renamed) ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week" # Media: images, video, audio ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 month" # HTC files (css3pie) ExpiresByType text/x-component "access plus 1 month" # Webfonts ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month" # CSS and JavaScript ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year" ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year" # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Prevent mobile network providers from modifying your site # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # The following header prevents modification of your code over 3G on some # European providers. # This is the official 'bypass' suggested by O2 in the UK. # # Header set Cache-Control "no-transform" # # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # ETag removal # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # FileETag None is not enough for every server. Header unset ETag # Since we're sending far-future expires, we don't need ETags for # static content. # developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags FileETag None # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Stop screen flicker in IE on CSS rollovers # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # The following directives stop screen flicker in IE on CSS rollovers - in # combination with the "ExpiresByType" rules for images (see above). # BrowserMatch "MSIE" brokenvary=1 # BrowserMatch "Mozilla/4.[0-9]{2}" brokenvary=1 # BrowserMatch "Opera" !brokenvary # SetEnvIf brokenvary 1 force-no-vary # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Set Keep-Alive Header # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Keep-Alive allows the server to send multiple requests through one # TCP-connection. Be aware of possible disadvantages of this setting. Turn on # if you serve a lot of static content. # # Header set Connection Keep-Alive # # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Cookie setting from iframes # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Allow cookies to be set from iframes (for IE only) # If needed, specify a path or regex in the Location directive. # # Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT\"" # # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Start rewrite engine # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Turning on the rewrite engine is necessary for the following rules and # features. FollowSymLinks must be enabled for this to work. # Some cloud hosting services require RewriteBase to be set: goo.gl/HOcPN # If using the h5bp in a subdirectory, use `RewriteBase /foo` instead where # 'foo' is your directory. # If your web host doesn't allow the FollowSymlinks option, you may need to # comment it out and use `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch`, but be aware of the # performance impact: http://goo.gl/Mluzd Options +FollowSymlinks # Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch RewriteEngine On # RewriteBase / # If you are in a sub folder of your web root you # might have to enable something like this: # # RewriteBase /~antonio/app/frontend/www # Yii rewrite RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . index.php # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Suppress or force the "www." at the beginning of URLs # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # The same content should never be available under two different URLs - # especially not with and without "www." at the beginning, since this can cause # SEO problems (duplicate content). That's why you should choose one of the # alternatives and redirect the other one. # By default option 1 (no "www.") is activated. # no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b # If you'd prefer to use option 2, just comment out all option 1 lines # and uncomment option 2. # IMPORTANT: NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME! # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Option 1: # Rewrite "www.example.com -> example.com". RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] RewriteRule ^ http://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Option 2: # Rewrite "example.com -> www.example.com". # Be aware that the following rule might not be a good idea if you use "real" # subdomains for certain parts of your website. # # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\..+$ [NC] # RewriteRule ^ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] # # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Built-in filename-based cache busting # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # If you're not using the build script to manage your filename version revving, # you might want to consider enabling this, which will route requests for # `/css/style.20110203.css` to `/css/style.css`. # To understand why this is important and a better idea than all.css?v1231, # please refer to the bundled documentation about `.htaccess`. # # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d # RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(js|css|png|jpg|gif)$ $1.$3 [L] # # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Prevent SSL cert warnings # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Rewrite secure requests properly to prevent SSL cert warnings, e.g. prevent # https://www.example.com when your cert only allows https://secure.example.com # # RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443 # RewriteRule ^ https://example-domain-please-change-me.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] # # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Prevent 404 errors for non-existing redirected folders # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # without -MultiViews, Apache will give a 404 for a rewrite if a folder of the # same name does not exist. # webmasterworld.com/apache/3808792.htm Options -MultiViews # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Custom 404 page # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # You can add custom pages to handle 500 or 403 pretty easily, if you like. # If you are hosting your site in subdirectory, adjust this accordingly # e.g. ErrorDocument 404 /subdir/404.html # ErrorDocument 404 /404.html # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # UTF-8 encoding # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # Use UTF-8 encoding for anything served text/plain or text/html AddDefaultCharset utf-8 # Force UTF-8 for a number of file formats AddCharset utf-8 .atom .css .js .json .rss .vtt .xml # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # A little more security # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- # To avoid displaying the exact version number of Apache being used, add the # following to httpd.conf (it will not work in .htaccess): # ServerTokens Prod # "-Indexes" will have Apache block users from browsing folders without a # default document Usually you should leave this activated, because you # shouldn't allow everybody to surf through every folder on your server (which # includes rather private places like CMS system folders). Options -Indexes # Block access to "hidden" directories or files whose names begin with a # period. This includes directories used by version control systems such as # Subversion or Git. RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR] RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F] # Block access to backup and source files. These files may be left by some # text/html editors and pose a great security danger, when anyone can access # them. Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All # If your server is not already configured as such, the following directive # should be uncommented in order to set PHP's register_globals option to OFF. # This closes a major security hole that is abused by most XSS (cross-site # scripting) attacks. For more information: http://php.net/register_globals # # IF REGISTER_GLOBALS DIRECTIVE CAUSES 500 INTERNAL SERVER ERRORS: # # Your server does not allow PHP directives to be set via .htaccess. In that # case you must make this change in your php.ini file instead. If you are # using a commercial web host, contact the administrators for assistance in # doing this. Not all servers allow local php.ini files, and they should # include all PHP configurations (not just this one), or you will effectively # reset everything to PHP defaults. Consult www.php.net for more detailed # information about setting PHP directives. # php_flag register_globals Off # Rename session cookie to something else, than PHPSESSID # php_value session.name sid # Disable magic quotes (This feature has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 5.3.0 and REMOVED as of PHP 5.4.0.) # php_flag magic_quotes_gpc Off # Do not show you are using PHP # Note: Move this line to php.ini since it won't work in .htaccess # php_flag expose_php Off # Level of log detail - log all errors # php_value error_reporting -1 # Write errors to log file # php_flag log_errors On # Do not display errors in browser (production - Off, development - On) # php_flag display_errors Off # Do not display startup errors (production - Off, development - On) # php_flag display_startup_errors Off # Format errors in plain text # Note: Leave this setting 'On' for xdebug's var_dump() output # php_flag html_errors Off # Show multiple occurrence of error # php_flag ignore_repeated_errors Off # Show same errors from different sources # php_flag ignore_repeated_source Off # Size limit for error messages # php_value log_errors_max_len 1024 # Don't precede error with string (doesn't accept empty string, use whitespace if you need) # php_value error_prepend_string " " # Don't prepend to error (doesn't accept empty string, use whitespace if you need) # php_value error_append_string " " # Increase cookie security php_value session.cookie_httponly true